An Eskimo igloo is an excellent example of how very small ventilation openings, skillfully located in the ceiling and at floor level, make it possible in cold weather for chimney-type natural ventilation to supply the 1 cfm per person of outdoor air needed to prevent exhaled carbon dioxide from becoming dangerously concentrated. 1. Here is a list of things to store in your storm shelter now, so that you are prepared for when an unexpected storm comes. The reader is urged to keep the following two pages of Directional Fanning instructions ready for reproduction in a crisis. To cover the fan's blade, any strong, light fabric, such as bedsheet cloth, serves well If you are going to sew on the cloth, first cuts 26 x 30-inch piece. How long to order and install a shelter? Then they repeated. 6.2 also shows how the air pump hung when not being operated, partially blocking the entry trench and causing a "chimney effect" flow of air at night. All Concrete Storm Shelters have a 10 Year Warranty against leaks and corrosion. If y­ou're caught in a storm while camping or hiking, finding a safe shelter may be difficult. Numerous shelter occupancy tests have proved that modern Americans can live for weeks in an adequately cooled shelter with only 10 square feet of floor space per person.13Other tests, such as one conducted by the Navy near Washington, D.C. during an abnormally cool two weeks in August, 1962, have shown that conditions can become difficult even when summertime outdoor air is being pumped through a long-occupied shelter at the rate of 12 cubic feet per minute, per person.14,15This is four times the minimum ventilation rate for each occupant specified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for American shelters: 3 cubic feet per minute (3 cfm). The human nose and other air passages can filter out almost all particles 10 micrometers [10 microns] [or larger] in diameter, and about 95 percent of those exceeding 5 micrometers." 1 called it a Punkah-Pump, because its hand- pulled operation is somewhat like that of an ancient fan called a 'punkah", still used by some primitive peoples in hot countries. Do something Different. The shelter must be adequately anchored to resist overturning and uplift. ° Headaches, collapse, or death due to carbon monoxide from open fires or gasoline lanterns that release gases into the shelter air. Five pairs of Bedsheet Fanners, spaced about 75 feet apart down a corridor, after fanning for several minutes produced a measured air flow of approximately 100,000 cubic feet per minute through this part of this corridor! The best way to protect your family and possessions is with a secure storm shelter. x 16 in. B. DIRECTIONAL FANNING TO LARGER SHELTERS VENTILATE AND COOL LARGER SHELTERS, To ventilate larger basements, big covered trenches, and other large shelters lacking adequate ventilation, use one or more large 1-man fans. Can I take the shelter with me if I move? 4 2-inch-wide strips of strong cloth, slightly twisted, serve well.). So the contractor concluded in his 1978 report to FEMA that the second entry/exit should be eliminated because "The building of entries is time consuming and with this small a shelter a second entry is really not justified.". [Figure 20.] There are Vents on Top of the Shelter. When the ventilation rate is low, smoking should not be permitted, even near the exhaust opening. Its taking 1 step at a time and releasing the thought of finishing whatever it may be you want to work towards. Pulling a Small. Size of the Storm Shelter. This also will assure that the air is fresh and low in exhaled carbon dioxide. The air should be fanned out of the shelter in the direction in which the air is naturally flowing. Consequently, how best to use available resources must be the primary consideration when planning for protection against the worst dangers of a nuclear attack; relatively minor hazards may have to be accepted. Continuing proofs of such bureaucratic reluctance to correct dangerous errors are hundreds of thousands of potentially life- endangering civil defense pamphlets and booklets - especially the several editions of In Time of Emergency - kept nationwide in hundreds of communities, primarily for crisis distribution. All the debri that would fall on top of the storm shelter will instead fall on top of the car and fall off the sides. If you're in a wooded area, squat near thick growths of trees. The best expedient way to maintain livable conditions in a shelter, especially in hot weather, is to make and use a large-volume shelter-ventilating pump. The guidance contained in FEMA P-320, FEMA P-361 or ICC 500 can all be used to address these extreme loads. No installation is needed, thus saving working time and materials for making habitable shelters hurriedly built or upgraded during a crisis. The doors at both ends were open. To ventilate and cool a room having only one doorway and no other opening, do not block off any part of the doorway. Your filtration and circulation should have backup power, and some nicer setups offer manpower emergency temporary options. Only very widely available materials are needed. Then, if a need arises to stop or restrict ventilation, the shelter can be closed for longer than could be done safely otherwise. Tens of millions of Russians have been taught to build such shelters. ), Figure 6.2 shows (behind the girl) a 20-inch-wide by 36-inch-high KAP installed in the entry trench of a trench shelter. MAINTAINING ENDURABLE SHELTER CONDITIONS IN HOT WEATHER. The licensed design professional who signs the certification attests that the design or product will meet the requirements specified on the certification. In a trench shelter, where air is pumped in at one end and flows out the other, good distribution is assured.In larger shelters, such as basements, ventilating air will move from the air-supply opening straight to the air exhaust opening. FEMA provides hazard mitigation funding to eligible states, tribes, and territories that, in turn, provide the funding to local governments to assist in reducing overall risk to people and property. A: Instructions for Six Expedient Fallout Shelters, App. Register your storm shelter. - YouTube However, if you do not know if you live in a flood plane, upon going to pull a permit through your city, they should inform you wheter you are or not. When you’re planning the size, keep in mind the available space, the number of people you expect to protect, the secondary purpose the room will serve and your budget. 6.4. ", WARNING: MANY OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR BUILDING AND VENTILATING SHELTERS ARE LIFE-ENDANGERING. This procedure was first proved practical during a 1981 ventilation test that Cresson H. Kearny participated in with Chinese civil defense officials in the port city of Dalien. This potential danger from extremely small fallout particles will be worsened if the United States deploys mobile ICBMs such as Midget- man, probably on large military reservations in the West. (If the air-exhaust opening of your small shelter is much larger than that shown in the sketches, block part of it off to reduce it to approximately this 24-inch-high by 20-inch-wide size, for more effective use with this fan.) It must be remembered that shelters may have to be occupied continuously for days in warm or hot weather. To prevent possible blistering of hands, wrap cloth around the fan handles, or wear gloves. To avoid higher radiation exposures near openings, build an essentially airtight partition across the shelter room, with a 24-inch-high x 20-inch-wide hole in it through which to fan. After 1000 hours of operation during which it pumped air through a room at a rate of 4000 cubic feet per minute (4000 cfm), there were only minor tears in the plastic flaps. 6.4, a relatively "large" particle - 40 microns (40 u m) in diameter, spherical, and with the sand-like density of most fallout particles - falls about 1300 feet in 8 hours. All 20 of these shelters have dangerously inadequate natural ventilation, and none of them have air pumps. In the Navy test, the ventilation rate of 7 to 12 cfm was not high enough to give occupants the partial relief from heat and sweating that people normally get at night.15 In a National Academy of Sciences meeting on protective shelters, an authority stated: "Laboratory experiments and field investigations have shown that healthy persons at rest can tolerate daily exposures to ETs [effective temperatures] up to 900 F, provided they can get a good night's sleep in a cooler environment. 6.2. This is enough air for up to 9 adults crowded into a small shelter in extremely hot humid weather, and enough for about 100 people in cold weather. We do not offer financing, but many banks around the country finance storm shelter loans for under 2% interest rate (APR) or we can refer you to one if you don't already have one in mind. In warm weather, chimney-type natural ventilation usually is inadequate for most high-protection factor shelters that are fully occupied for days. This manual air pump, described in Appendix B, can force large volumes of air through low- resistance openings with minimum effort. See Fig. There was a 10-inch space between the air pump and the trench floor, and the resulting flow of air maintained adequate ventilation in the cool of the desert night, when outdoor temperatures dropped as low as 450 F. Cool outdoor air flowed down into the entry and under the motionless air pump, replacing the body-warmed air inside the shelter. (Illustration) Fig. Cardboard covering a blade is likely to become damp and fragile in the humid air of a crowded shelter, very light sheetmetal makes a good fan blade and requires only 2 sticks. One of the most important nuclear war survival skills people should learn is how to keep occupied shelters adequately ventilated in all seasons and cool enough for many days of occupancy in warm or hot weather. It was named the Kearny Air Pump (KAP) by the Office of Civil Defense following tests of various models by Stanford Research Institute, the Protective Structures Development Center, and General American Transportation Company. However, if a shelter is covered by at least two feet of earth, it will be so well insulated that its ceiling and walls will not get hot enough to heat the occupants.). Learn what to put in a storm shelter so that you and your family will be prepared. Prudent Americans, even those living several hundred miles from important targets, whenever practical should equip their shelters with adequate ventilating pumps and dust filters. Stick-Frame KAP to Keep Temperatures Endurable for Occupants of a Car- Over-Trench Shelter in Warm Weather. If you live in a low area or even in a flood plan and had an underground storm shelter in your garage, if the garage flooded, there was nowhere for water to go except inside the storm shelter. (See reference 6, page 599.) 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